--- title: "Book «Manned Spaceflight of the 21st Century. The Beginning»" description: "Large-scale popular science book covering crewed spaceflights 2000–2025. Expert team, illustrations, multimedia. Release: December 2026." canonical: "https://amisurkin.com/en/book" markdown_url: "https://amisurkin.com/ai/en/page/book/index.md" type: "page" page_name: "Manned Spaceflight of the 21st Century" image: "https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/04/08/bef720d1320fba329e8c001d61b2563c72f24334.webp" --- ## Краткая информация - **Страница:** Manned Spaceflight of the 21st Century - **Тип:** page - **Язык:** en - **Оригинальная страница:** https://amisurkin.com/en/book Hello! I'm cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin. My AI assistants Luke Westin and "19-57" will answer your questions about space exploration and my experience. To chat with Luke – simply type your question in the text field. If you're looking for space-related information from online sources, type "19-57, find information about ..." (it may take a moment – our robot is very thorough when searching the web). Enjoy the conversation! Learn about the bookHow to place an order [Pre-order the book](#invite) [About book](#bannerHero)[Gallery](#gallery)[Appeal](#singleReviewBlock)[Contents](#contents)[Team](#team)[Sponsors and partners](#reviews)[Order book](#invite) # Manned Spaceflight of the 21st Century ![Book](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/17/d81ffc22d96cb2947a88105d71bbcd3a2e684a37.webp)Book ![Gallery image](/storage/2026/03/20/6129c9b0cc7e69500e85f8b37cf2abf0b05d2841.webp) ![Gallery image](/storage/2026/03/20/87c65fb6656f14ad7d080c296601967d22f413ca.webp) ![Gallery image](/storage/2026/03/20/fdf954ad5cddf839284590954be863546dced06c.webp) ![Gallery image](/storage/2026/03/20/61282192d12c5b129f7f5c61d5a6536f458ecf9a.webp)more 3 photo ## Project Team ![Alexander Misurkin](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/323fc2b548242ff9d1ec7a7e74b0751d7a9e66bf.webp) Alexander Misurkin Author and Project Leader ![Igor Marinin](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/20f114794a8c2a7610d186c7af082839e54f689b.webp) Igor Marinin Author Team Leader, Editor ![Vadim Anosov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/ed0de09af98c68fe3deaef3fb6c93c6a8c08d79e.webp) Vadim Anosov Author ![Alexey Belozersky](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/0fbd2cf8fa7e642396b964971cf2ea0f02a501ae.webp) Alexey Belozersky Author ![Ivan Ivanov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/8e42d3e5700d65fe965e31a8fb4fb11e5c155f80.webp) Ivan Ivanov Author ![Alexander Misurkin](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/323fc2b548242ff9d1ec7a7e74b0751d7a9e66bf.webp) Alexander Misurkin Author and Project Leader ![Igor Marinin](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/20f114794a8c2a7610d186c7af082839e54f689b.webp) Igor Marinin Author Team Leader, Editor ![Vadim Anosov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/ed0de09af98c68fe3deaef3fb6c93c6a8c08d79e.webp) Vadim Anosov Author ![Alexey Belozersky](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/0fbd2cf8fa7e642396b964971cf2ea0f02a501ae.webp) Alexey Belozersky Author ![Ivan Ivanov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/8e42d3e5700d65fe965e31a8fb4fb11e5c155f80.webp) Ivan Ivanov Author ![Andrey Krasilnikov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/775a311d5256b80f76d36491ed02b104abe06f73.webp) Andrey Krasilnikov Author ![Konstantin Lantratov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/7a7cae34253291a4b30c20f089b0bc3db9505d3d.webp) Konstantin Lantratov Author ![Igor Lisov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/bde4be0e1871332e67f6184e2a4db37487a3600e.webp) Igor Lisov Author ![Vyacheslav Turyshev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/4971f6bfe6174d18b7feaca881531412fc14b6ac.webp) Vyacheslav Turyshev Author ![Andrey Lysenko](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/140355a698c792b39bb87d875acbce5f34f7c13f.webp) Andrey Lysenko Science Editor ![Andrey Krasilnikov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/775a311d5256b80f76d36491ed02b104abe06f73.webp) Andrey Krasilnikov Author ![Konstantin Lantratov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/7a7cae34253291a4b30c20f089b0bc3db9505d3d.webp) Konstantin Lantratov Author ![Igor Lisov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/bde4be0e1871332e67f6184e2a4db37487a3600e.webp) Igor Lisov Author ![Vyacheslav Turyshev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/4971f6bfe6174d18b7feaca881531412fc14b6ac.webp) Vyacheslav Turyshev Author ![Andrey Lysenko](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/140355a698c792b39bb87d875acbce5f34f7c13f.webp) Andrey Lysenko Science Editor ![Tatiana Malikova](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/eb35a5f3f0caab00c2281bfca37a47d533708815.webp) Tatiana Malikova Science Editor ![Julia Potemkina](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/49923f361567f34e8ae762a8c982e736244ea66e.webp) Julia Potemkina Literary Editor ![Olga Svitova](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/801477e8d95c4791a900be4fe79e40ca8d9d65f2.webp) Olga Svitova Literary Editor ![Alla Sinitsyna](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/801477e8d95c4791a900be4fe79e40ca8d9d65f2.webp) Alla Sinitsyna Editor, Proofreader ![Maria Druzhinina](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/fec14667f058a50e57c4233f00341036aaa19f97.webp) Maria Druzhinina Art Director ![Tatiana Malikova](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/eb35a5f3f0caab00c2281bfca37a47d533708815.webp) Tatiana Malikova Science Editor ![Julia Potemkina](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/49923f361567f34e8ae762a8c982e736244ea66e.webp) Julia Potemkina Literary Editor ![Olga Svitova](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/801477e8d95c4791a900be4fe79e40ca8d9d65f2.webp) Olga Svitova Literary Editor ![Alla Sinitsyna](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/801477e8d95c4791a900be4fe79e40ca8d9d65f2.webp) Alla Sinitsyna Editor, Proofreader ![Maria Druzhinina](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/fec14667f058a50e57c4233f00341036aaa19f97.webp) Maria Druzhinina Art Director ![Dmitry Akhmerov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/ef65434b25dd2b6108d843945e304e0592083333.webp) Dmitry Akhmerov 3D Modeler ![Alexey Drozdov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/25469fae440d53529afaedccc738698b916201d2.webp) Alexey Drozdov 3D Visualization Artist ![Vyacheslav Lyulko](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/daeea3ae658d58accbe74e327917e1c82f3d8a33.webp) Vyacheslav Lyulko Illustrator ![Danila Zhestarev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Danila Zhestarev Illustrator ![Oleg Shinkovich](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/a625033f7b2124486943106fb21ad57df8da8425.webp) Oleg Shinkovich Photo Editor, Layout Artist ![Dmitry Akhmerov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/ef65434b25dd2b6108d843945e304e0592083333.webp) Dmitry Akhmerov 3D Modeler ![Alexey Drozdov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/25469fae440d53529afaedccc738698b916201d2.webp) Alexey Drozdov 3D Visualization Artist ![Vyacheslav Lyulko](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/daeea3ae658d58accbe74e327917e1c82f3d8a33.webp) Vyacheslav Lyulko Illustrator ![Danila Zhestarev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Danila Zhestarev Illustrator ![Oleg Shinkovich](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/a625033f7b2124486943106fb21ad57df8da8425.webp) Oleg Shinkovich Photo Editor, Layout Artist ![Infographics Editor](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Infographics Editor Infographics Editor ![Infographics Designer](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Infographics Designer Infographics Designer ![Gennady Glazov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/a990de44c74996d188b3d14dbefecb66b7cae3c4.webp) Gennady Glazov Consultant ![Nikolai Dergunov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/0c68ca37bc8b9f9e53064ab9d1e58301e0b09d69.webp) Nikolai Dergunov Consultant ![Viktor Kolyasnikov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/e3553d919b683fa454f014ec830136df2832197b.webp) Viktor Kolyasnikov Consultant ![Infographics Editor](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Infographics Editor Infographics Editor ![Infographics Designer](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2025/09/08/ede38894dc1eb806823a15b9a48dd0fe90bf941f.jpg) Infographics Designer Infographics Designer ![Gennady Glazov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/a990de44c74996d188b3d14dbefecb66b7cae3c4.webp) Gennady Glazov Consultant ![Nikolai Dergunov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/0c68ca37bc8b9f9e53064ab9d1e58301e0b09d69.webp) Nikolai Dergunov Consultant ![Viktor Kolyasnikov](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/e3553d919b683fa454f014ec830136df2832197b.webp) Viktor Kolyasnikov Consultant ![Andrey Kondratyev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/8e89474db3a5d58ec499ce6e3e25ce7192b551f7.webp) Andrey Kondratyev Consultant ![Ekaterina Soboleva](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/1349bb3479a54f2418426c7b4ef92ddf7583704e.webp) Ekaterina Soboleva Project Legal Advisor ![Andrey Kondratyev](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/8e89474db3a5d58ec499ce6e3e25ce7192b551f7.webp) Andrey Kondratyev Consultant ![Ekaterina Soboleva](https://amisurkin.com/storage/2026/03/23/1349bb3479a54f2418426c7b4ef92ddf7583704e.webp) Ekaterina Soboleva Project Legal Advisor Show all in a list ## Contents Section I. The 20th Century. How It All Began. An Overview — Chapter Descriptions * Soviet–Russian Crewed Spaceflight Programs 1961–1963. Vostok (1K, 3K, 3KA) 1964–1965. Voskhod (3KV, 3KD) 1967–1970. Soyuz (7K-OK): From a Lunar Flyby to Long-Duration Orbital Flight 1971–1987. Salyut Long-Duration Orbital Stations: Humanity's First Homes in Space 1973–1976. Autonomous Soyuz Flights 1974–1977. Almaz Orbital Piloted Stations: A Military Outpost in Space 1987–2001. Mir Orbital Complex: The World's First Modular Space Station * US Crewed Spaceflight Programs 1961–1963. Mercury Flights: First Steps 1963–1966. Gemini Program: Rehearsing for the Moon 1967–1972. Saturn–Apollo Program: First Humans on the Moon 1973–1974. Skylab: A Giant Station with No Sequel 1981–2011. Space Shuttle: Many Missions, Great Risk * China's Crewed Spaceflight Program 1967–1978. The Shuguang Spacecraft That Never Reached Space Section II «Manned space flights at the beginning of the 21st century» * International Space Station 1975–1992. The Difficult Path to U.S.–Russian Cooperation 2000\. Atlantis: Working as “space mules” 1998\. The first module "Zarya": Built in Russia 1998\. Shuttle Endeavour and the U.S. Unity Module 1999\. "Discovery" as a cargo carrier 2000\. Launch of "Atlantis" on the fourth attempt 2000\. "Zvezda": The difficult path of the Russian Service Module 2000\. Discovery delivered the control moment gyroscopes 2000\. ISS-1. The first long-duration expedition 2001\. ISS-2. The first crew rotation 2001\. ISS-3. “We Are on the Road to the Stars” 2001\. ISS-4. The ISS’s gracious hosts 2002\. ISS-5. “My home is here now” 2002\. ISS-6. No Shuttle this time 2003\. ISS-7. Two in Orbit 2004\. ISS-9. The Station Is in Good Hands 2004\. ISS-10. An Expedition with Adventures 2005\. ISS-11. The Shuttles Return 2005\. ISS-12. Shuttle Delayed Again 2006\. ISS-13. “Let’s start flying as a trio” 2006\. ISS-14. Things will not go as planned 2007\. ISS-15. Computer blackout 2007\. ISS-16. Building the station without pause 2008\. ISS-17. A rookie crew and space dynasties 2008\. ISS-18. Completing and repairing the station Expansion of capabilities and Simonyi’s second flight 2009\. ISS-20. Now six instead of three 2009\. ISS-21. “Poisk” arrives at the station 2009\. ISS-22. “Real work, man’s work” 2010\. ISS-23. “Rassvet” in orbit 2010\. ISS-24. Integration of “Rassvet” 2010\. ISS-25. Mir’s record surpassed 2010\. ISS-26. A triple “Happy New Year!” 2011\. ISS-27. Soyuz named “Yuri Gagarin” 2011\. ISS-28. The final visit of the last Shuttle 2011\. ISS-29. The launch vehicle rehabilitated 2011\. ISS-30. Seeing the station from the outside 2012\. ISS-31. The First Dragon Arrives 2012\. ISS-32. Monitoring Natural Processes 2012\. ISS-33. Kazbeks to the Rescue 2012\. ISS-34. Maneuvering and Refueling 2013\. ISS-35. Express to the Station 2013\. ISS-36. Luca Parmitano in Danger 2013\. ISS-37. Swan Follows Einstein 2013\. ISS-38. Spacewalks — Scheduled and Unscheduled 2014\. ISS-39. Repairs, Tests, and Space-to-Ground Conferences 2014\. ISS-40. “There Is No Place for Politics in Space” 2014\. ISS-41. One-Winged Soyuz and the Grounded Cygnus 2014\. ISS-42. False Alarms and Real Emergencies 2015\. ISS-43. The “Marathon” Begins 2015\. ISS-44. A Lost Dragon and an Arrived Stork 2015\. ISS-45. The Third Stage of the “Marathon” 2015–2016. ISS-46. The Station Changes and Is Upgraded 2016\. ISS-47. Station Work as an Example for Others 2016\. ISS-48. On the New Soyuz 2016\. ISS-49. Sprint Expedition 2016\. ISS-50. Success Despite Problems 2017\. ISS-51. A Function with Many Variables 2018\. ISS-52. The Charm of a Peaceful Earth Limb 2017\. ISS-53. “The Eyes and Hands” of Scientists 2017\. ISS-54. Major Repairs Outside the Station 2018\. ISS-55. “Expanding the Boundaries of Tasks” 2018\. ISS-56. The Mysterious Hole 2018\. ISS-57. Working Against the Backdrop of an Accident 2018\. ISS-58. For Myself and for That Guy 2019\. ISS-59. Back at Full Strength 2019\. ISS-60. And Fyodor Visits Us 2019\. ISS-61. Spacewalk Record Day 2020\. ISS-62. Only Three of Us Left... 2020\. ISS-63. Dragon to the Rescue 2020\. ISS-64. Seven Brave Souls 2021\. ISS-65. Nauka Arrives 2021\. ISS-66. Movies, Japanese, and Prichal 2022\. ISS-67. ERA in Motion 2022\. ISS-68. Treacherous Meteoroids, or Two Strikes in One Crater 2023\. ISS-69. “We Can Extend the Mission” 2024\. ISS-71. Stranded in Orbit 2024–2025. ISS-72. Away from Home While at Home 2025\. ISS-73. “I Fly Over the Planet as if in a Fairy-Tale Dream” From Orbit to Ocean: The Final ISS Mission * USA: From the Shuttle to Commercial Spacecraft — A New Era of Autonomous Flights Autonomous Shuttle Flights and the End of the Space Shuttle Era * China: Crewed Spaceflights 1986–1999. The Birth of Shenzhou Shenzhou Spacecraft Long March-2F Launch Vehicle 1999–2002. Flight Tests Technology transfer: The Russian trace in China’s space program 2003\. Shenzhou-5. The First Chinese Astronaut in Orbit 2005\. Shenzhou-6. Five-Day Mission of the First Chinese Crew How to join the EVA technology club 2008\. Shenzhou-7. First Three-Person Crew. Zhai Zhigang — China’s Leonov 2011\. Tiangong-1 Target Laboratory 2011\. Shenzhou-8. Live Docking Demonstration 2012\. Shenzhou-9. Liu Yang — The First Chinese Woman in Space 2013\. Shenzhou-10. A Lesson from Orbit 2016\. Tiangong-2 Orbital Laboratory 2016\. Shenzhou-11. Landing After a 100 km Overshoot 2017\. Tianzhou-1. China’s First Cargo Spacecraft 2021\. The Modular Orbital Station "Tiangong" 2021\. Tianhe Core Module and Its Launcher 2021\. Shenzhou-12. The First Expedition to Tiangong 2021–2022. Shenzhou-13. Half a Year in Orbit 2022\. Shenzhou-14. Major Orbital Construction Wentian and Mengtian Research Modules of the Tiangong Station 2022\. Shenzhou-15. The First Crew Handover 2023\. Shenzhou-16. Three Doctors on Board 2023–2024. Shenzhou-17. The Batteries Need Repairs... 2024\. Shenzhou-18. EVA Record — 8 Hours 23 Minutes 2024–2025. Shenzhou-19. The Third Chinese Woman in Space 2025\. Shenzhou-20. An Unexpected Epilogue 2025\. Shenzhou-21 and Shenzhou-22 Section III «Near-term manned flight projects» * Russia: Crewed Spaceflight Program Russian Orbital Station Next-generation crewed spacecraft (PTK NP) * US Space Exploration Projects Return to the Moon: Artemis Program Starship Spacecraft by SpaceX Haven-1 Station by Vast Axiom Space Platform Orbital Reef Modular Architecture Starlab Station by NanoRacks * China: Advanced Projects Xuntian Space Telescope Crewed Lunar Program International Lunar Research Station * India: Crewed Spaceflight Developments Gaganyaan Space Program * Other Countries: Crewed Lunar and Mars Programs ESA Lunar and Mars Programs Section IV «Roads to space. Cosmonauts and astronauts of the world» * Cosmonauts of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense Cosmonaut Corps RSC Energia Cosmonaut Corps Russian Academy of Sciences Cosmonaut Corps Institute of Biomedical Problems Cosmonaut Corps Gromov Flight Research Institute Cosmonaut Corps Individual Cosmonaut Selections Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center * US Astronauts NASA Astronaut Corps Professional Astronaut Corps of Private Companies * European Space Agency Astronauts 2008–2009 Selection (4th) 2021–2023 Selection (5th) * Chinese Astronauts 1971 Selection 1998 Selection (1st) 2010 Selection (2nd) 2020 Selection (3rd) 2024 Selection (4th) * Japanese Astronauts 2009 Selection (5th) 2023 Selection (6th) * Canadian Astronauts 2009 Selection (3rd) 2017 Selection (4th) * United Arab Emirates Astronauts 2018 Selection (1st) 2021 Selection (2nd) * Indian Astronauts 2020 Selection (1st) * Saudi Arabian Astronauts 2023 Selection (1st) * Alternative Paths to Space Cosmonauts of Kazakhstan Astronauts of Turkey Italian Air Force Astronaut Brazilian Astronaut Australian Astronaut Pakistani Astronauts * Commercial Spaceflight Participants Participants of Spaceflights Aboard Russian Soyuz Spacecraft Commercial Spaceflight Crews Aboard Crew Dragon Spacecraft Appendices * Chronicle of Crewed Orbital Spaceflights, 1961–2025 * Chronicle of Spacewalks, 1965–2025 * Chronicle of Crewed Suborbital Spaceflights, 1961–2025 * Sources Books and Encyclopedias Periodicals Official Documents and Materials Official Websites of Space Agencies and State Corporations Commercial Space Companies Reference and Encyclopedic Resources News Publications and Portals Sponsors and partners Order Book or contact the manager via messengers: [Max](https://max.ru/u/f9LHodD0cOL-bffZmevLs-ZKN3yRhDIem2_kbeZdN4L_-aOpTRF2Rf1WLYo)[Telegram](https://t.me/+79014072763)